TIM-3 for a Change
Kimberly Holloway, Ph.D.
Article
The Resistance
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors is a popular topic of current discussion within the realm of tumor therapeutics. Most notably cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) have garnered the most attention. The first immune checkpoint inhibitor associated with overall survival within a phase 3 metastatic melanoma study, Ipilimumab, is a fully humanized antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associate-d antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibody.1,2 Blockade of PD-1 has achieved revolutionary clinical impact in many solid cancers; however, there has been certain roadblocks which have prevented full response to anti-PD-1 therapy.3-5 A significant percentage of cancer patients fail to respond to these therapies due to compensatory immune inhibitory pathways.6